单数主语与单数谓语不可数名词与谓语集体名词与谓语

2024-04-07/ 洛宁新闻网/ 查看: 214/ 评论: 10

摘要单数主语与单数谓语不可数名词与谓语集体名词与谓语在英语语法中，主谓一致（Subject-VerbAgreement）是指句子的主语和谓语在数（单数或复数）和人称（第一人称、第二人称或第三人称）上要保持一致。这种一致性原则确保了句子意义的准确性和语法结构的正确性。主谓一致的规则包括多种情况，其中之一就是就近原则（ProximityRule）。就近原则指的是当句...

单数主语与单数谓语不可数名词与谓语集体名词与谓语
在英语语法中，主谓一致（Subject-Verb Agreement）是指句子的主语和谓语在数（单数或复数）和人称（第一人称、第二人称或第三人称）上要保持一致。这种一致性原则确保了句子意义的准确性和语法结构的正确性。
主谓一致的规则包括多种情况，其中之一就是就近原则（Proximity Rule）。就近原则指的是当句子中有多个主语时，谓语的人称和数应与最近的主语保持一致。这个原则通常适用于由并列连词（如and, or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor...等）连接的并列主语。例如：
* 就近原则的例子：My sister and my parents are going to the cinema. （主语“my sister”是单数，但根据就近原则，谓语与最近的复数主语“my parents”保持一致，所以使用复数形式“are”。）
抗遗忘英语单词速记
随时随地背单词
不知不觉背单词
单词不用记

除了就近原则外，还有其他主谓一致性的原则，如：
1. 单数主语与单数谓语：当主语是单数时，谓语也应该是单数。
* The cat is playing with the ball.
2. 复数主语与复数谓语：当主语是复数时，谓语也应该是复数。
* The boys are playing football.
3. 集体名词与谓语：某些集体名词，如“family, team, group”等，可以看作单数或复数，具体取决于语境。
* My family is large. （家庭作为整体看待）
* My family are all coming to the party. （家庭成员分别来看）
4. 不可数名词与谓语：不可数名词通常看作单数。
* The milk is fresh.
5. 形式主语与真正主语：在“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分”的强调句型中，谓语应与被强调的真正主语保持一致。
* It is John who is responsible for the mistake.

这些主谓一致性的原则与就近原则相辅相成，共同构成了英语语法的基础。然而，有时候这些原则之间可能存在冲突或重叠，需要根据具体的语境和语法规则来判断和应用。在某些复杂或特殊的句子结构中，可能需要结合多种原则和规则来确定主谓的一致性。

练习题
1. Either my brother or my sisters _______ going to the party tonight.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ excited about the trip.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. The number of students in our class _______ thirty-five, but a number of them _______ from different countries.
A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was
4. Neither the boys nor the girls _______ allowed to stay out late.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5. The teacher with his students _______ discussing the project in the classroom.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. The red shirt and the blue jeans _______ in the sale for only $20.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. The police officer and his dog _______ searching for the missing child.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. Either you or your brother _______ responsible for the damage.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
9. Both Lucy and Lily _______ excellent at math.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. The first person to arrive and the last person to leave _______ responsible for turning off the lights.
A. is B. are C. was D. were

答案：
1. A (就近原则，主语为“my brother”，为单数)
2. A (not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“the teacher”保持一致)
3. A (the number of + 名词复数，谓语用单数；a number of + 名词复数，谓语用复数)
4. A (neither...nor...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“the girls”保持一致)
5. A (with连接的主语，谓语与前面的主语“the teacher”保持一致)
6. A (the + 单数名词 + and + the + 单数名词，谓语用单数)
7. A (police officer是集合名词，通常看作单数)
8. A (either...or...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“your brother”保持一致)
9. B (both...and...连接的并列主语，谓语用复数)
10. A (to arrive和to leave是定语，真正的主语是“The first person”和“The last person”，谓语用复数)